Understand essential UAE legal terms, explained in plain English by our expert advocates.
Comprehensive reference of key legal terms, definitions, and statutory references in UAE law.
Term: Abatement
انقضاء الدعوى
Definition
Termination of a case before judgment due to settlement, withdrawal, or death of a party.
Context
Common in civil proceedings when a claimant withdraws or fails to pursue the claim.
Reference
Article 94 – Federal Decree-Law No. 42 of 2022 (Civil Procedures Law).
Term: Abduction
الخطف
Definition
The unlawful taking or carrying away of a person by force, fraud, or coercion.
Context
Treated as a serious criminal offense under UAE Penal Code, especially when minors are involved.
Reference
Article 347 – Federal Decree-Law No. 31 of 2021 (Penal Code).
Term: Absconding
الهروب من صاحب العمل
Definition
When an employee leaves employment without notice or authorization.
Context
Employers may report absconding cases to the Ministry of Human Resources and Emiratisation (MOHRE).
Reference
Article 44 – Federal Decree-Law No. 33 of 2021 (Labour Relations Regulation Law).
Term: Abuse of Power
إساءة استعمال السلطة
Definition
Misuse of official authority for personal gain or to harm others.
Context
Criminal offense applicable to public officers and company managers.
Reference
Article 234 – Federal Decree-Law No. 31 of 2021 (Penal Code).
Term: Acceptance
القبول
Definition
An expression of agreement to the terms of an offer.
Context
A binding contract is formed once acceptance reaches the offeror in UAE civil law.
Reference
Article 132 – Federal Law No. 5 of 1985 (Civil Code).
Term: Accessory
الشريك في الجريمة
Definition
A person who aids, assists, or facilitates the commission of a crime without being the principal offender.
Context
Liable under UAE Penal Code for complicity or assistance in an offense.
Reference
Article 45 – Federal Decree-Law No. 31 of 2021 (Penal Code).
Term: Acquittal
البراءة
Definition
A judgment declaring a defendant not guilty of criminal charges.
Context
Granted when the prosecution fails to prove guilt beyond reasonable doubt.
Reference
Article 212 – Federal Decree-Law No. 42 of 2022 (Civil Procedures Law).
Term: Action in Rem
دعوى عينية
Definition
A legal proceeding directed against property rather than a person.
Context
Common in maritime or real estate disputes over ownership or lien.
Reference
Article 10 – Federal Law No. 26 of 1981 (Maritime Commercial Law).
Term: Administrative Decision
قرار إداري
Definition
A decision issued by a government authority exercising administrative power.
Context
Can be challenged in Administrative Courts if unlawful or exceeds authority.
Reference
Article 84 – Federal Decree-Law No. 42 of 2022 (Civil Procedures Law).
Term: Affidavit
إفادة خطية
Definition
A written statement confirmed by oath, used as evidence in court.
Context
Accepted in arbitration and corporate filings, often notarized before a Notary Public.
Reference
Article 31 – Federal Law No. 22 of 1991 (Notary Public Law).
Term: Agent
وكيل
Definition
A person legally authorized to act on behalf of another (principal).
Context
Agency relationships are governed by the UAE Civil Code and Commercial Agencies Law.
Reference
Article 924 – Federal Law No. 5 of 1985 (Civil Code).
Term: Agreement
اتفاق
Definition
A mutual understanding between parties creating legal obligations.
Context
Foundation of all contracts under UAE Civil Code.
Reference
Article 125 – Federal Law No. 5 of 1985 (Civil Code).
Term: Alimony
النفقة
Definition
Financial maintenance granted to a spouse or children after divorce or separation.
Context
Determined by Personal Status Courts based on Sharia and financial capacity.
Reference
Article 63 – Federal Law No. 28 of 2005 (Personal Status Law).
Term: Amendment
تعديل
Definition
A formal modification or addition to a contract, law, or pleading.
Context
Filed during litigation or contract negotiation to correct or update terms.
Reference
Article 83 – Federal Decree-Law No. 42 of 2022 (Civil Procedures Law).
Term: Appeal
استئناف
Definition
A formal request for a higher court to review a lower court’s judgment.
Context
Must be filed within statutory time limits under UAE procedural law.
Reference
Article 165 – Federal Decree-Law No. 42 of 2022 (Civil Procedures Law).
Term: Arbitration
التحكيم
Definition
A private dispute resolution process outside court through appointed arbitrators.
Context
Common in commercial, construction, and real estate contracts in the UAE.
Reference
Article 2 – Federal Law No. 6 of 2018 (Arbitration Law).
Term: Arrest Warrant
أمر قبض
Definition
A judicial order permitting law enforcement to detain a suspect.
Context
Issued by Public Prosecution or the court when evidence supports an arrest.
Reference
Article 45 – Federal Decree-Law No. 38 of 2022 (Criminal Procedure Law).
Term: Assignment
تنازل
Definition
The transfer of rights or obligations from one person to another under a contract.
Context
Must be consented to by both parties to be enforceable.
Reference
Article 1106 – Federal Law No. 5 of 1985 (Civil Code).
Term: Attachment
الحجز التحفظي
Definition
Temporary seizure of assets to secure a creditor’s claim before judgment.
Context
Granted by court upon evidence of debt or risk of asset dissipation.
Reference
Article 111 – Federal Decree-Law No. 42 of 2022 (Civil Procedures Law).
Term: Bail
الكفالة
Definition
Conditional release of an accused pending trial upon providing surety or bond.
Context
Granted by prosecution or court depending on offense severity.
Reference
Article 111 – Federal Decree-Law No. 38 of 2022 (Criminal Procedure Law).
Term: Bankruptcy
الإفلاس
Definition
A legal process for individuals or entities unable to pay debts.
Context
Allows restructuring or liquidation under UAE Bankruptcy Law.
Reference
Article 68 – Federal Decree-Law No. 9 of 2016 (Bankruptcy Law).
Term: Beneficiary
المستفيد
Definition
Person entitled to receive benefit under a legal instrument (will, insurance, etc.).
Context
Appears in inheritance, insurance, and trust-related cases.
Reference
Article 278 – Federal Law No. 5 of 1985 (Civil Code).
Term: Breach of Contract
إخلال بالعقد
Definition
Failure to perform contractual obligations without lawful excuse.
Context
Gives rise to compensation or termination rights.
Reference
Article 272 – Federal Law No. 5 of 1985 (Civil Code).
Term: Broker
السمسار
Definition
An intermediary who brings parties together for a transaction in exchange for commission.
Context
Governed under UAE Commercial Transactions Law and Real Estate Law.
Reference
Article 230 – Federal Law No. 5 of 1985 (Civil Code).
Term: Burden of Proof
عبء الإثبات
Definition
The obligation to prove a claim or defense in legal proceedings.
Context
Lies primarily on the claimant in civil cases and prosecution in criminal cases.
Reference
Article 1 – Federal Decree-Law No. 42 of 2022 (Civil Procedures Law).
Term: Buyer
المشتري
Definition
A person who purchases goods or property under a contract of sale.
Context
Rights and obligations of buyers are defined under UAE Commercial Transactions Law.
Reference
Article 489 – Federal Law No. 5 of 1985 (Civil Code).
Term: Capital
رأس المال
Definition
The total financial resources or assets invested in a business or partnership.
Context
Essential in determining ownership interests, profits, and liabilities in commercial entities.
Reference
Article 10 – Federal Decree-Law No. 32 of 2021 (Commercial Companies Law).
Term: Capital Punishment
عقوبة الإعدام
Definition
The execution of an offender sentenced to death by a competent court.
Context
Applicable only for severe crimes such as murder or treason under UAE Penal Code.
Reference
Article 66 – Federal Decree-Law No. 31 of 2021 (Penal Code).
Term: Cargo
البضائع المشحونة
Definition
Goods or merchandise transported by sea, air, or land under a bill of lading.
Context
Central term in maritime and shipping contracts under UAE maritime law.
Reference
Article 117 – Federal Law No. 26 of 1981 (Maritime Commercial Law).
Term: Cartel
احتكار تجاري
Definition
An association of businesses formed to control prices or restrict competition.
Context
Prohibited under UAE Competition Law to ensure fair market practices.
Reference
Article 5 – Federal Decree-Law No. 36 of 2023 (Competition Regulation Law).
Term: Case File
ملف الدعوى
Definition
The complete record of pleadings, evidence, and judgments in a case.
Context
Maintained by the court registry; parties can request certified copies.
Reference
Article 87 – Federal Decree-Law No. 42 of 2022 (Civil Procedures Law).
Term: Cautionary Notice
إشعار تحفظي
Definition
A temporary registration preventing the transfer or disposal of property.
Context
Common in real estate and maritime disputes to secure rights pending litigation.
Reference
Article 24 – Federal Law No. 26 of 1981 (Maritime Commercial Law).
Term: Certificate of Incorporation
شهادة التأسيس
Definition
An official document issued by a competent authority confirming company formation.
Context
Marks the legal birth of a company in the UAE.
Reference
Article 9 – Federal Decree-Law No. 32 of 2021 (Commercial Companies Law).
Term: Charter Party
عقد إيجار السفينة
Definition
A contract for the hire or lease of a vessel between the shipowner and charterer.
Context
Governs carriage of goods and vessel operation in maritime commerce.
Reference
Article 115 – Federal Law No. 26 of 1981 (Maritime Commercial Law).
Term: Child Custody
حضانة الطفل
Definition
The legal right to care for and make decisions regarding a child’s upbringing.
Context
Determined by the court considering the child’s best interest under UAE personal status law.
Reference
Article 143 – Federal Law No. 28 of 2005 (Personal Status Law).
Term: Civil Claim
الدعوى المدنية
Definition
A legal action to enforce private rights or recover damages.
Context
Filed before civil courts under UAE procedural law.
Reference
Article 1 – Federal Decree-Law No. 42 of 2022 (Civil Procedures Law).
Term: Civil Liability
المسؤولية المدنية
Definition
Legal obligation to compensate another for loss or injury.
Context
Arises from breach of contract or wrongful acts under civil law.
Reference
Article 282 – Federal Law No. 5 of 1985 (Civil Code).
Term: Coercion
الإكراه
Definition
Forcing someone to act against their will through threats or violence.
Context
Renders contracts or confessions invalid if proven in court.
Reference
Article 181 – Federal Law No. 5 of 1985 (Civil Code).
Term: Collateral
الضمان العيني
Definition
Property pledged as security for a debt or obligation.
Context
Common in banking and financing transactions; subject to enforcement on default.
Reference
Article 1336 – Federal Law No. 5 of 1985 (Civil Code).
Term: Collective Agreement
الاتفاق الجماعي
Definition
An employment agreement negotiated between an employer and employee representatives.
Context
Regulates labor relations, wages, and working conditions.
Reference
Article 50 – Federal Decree-Law No. 33 of 2021 (Labour Relations Regulation Law).
Term: Collusion
التواطؤ
Definition
Secret agreement between parties to deceive or defraud others.
Context
A criminal act when aimed at falsifying evidence or manipulating court outcomes.
Reference
Article 257 – Federal Decree-Law No. 31 of 2021 (Penal Code).
Term: Commercial Agency
الوكالة التجارية
Definition
A business relationship where an agent represents a foreign principal in distributing products or services.
Context
Regulated to protect national agents’ rights under UAE law.
Reference
Article 2 – Federal Law No. 3 of 2022 (Commercial Agencies Law).
Term: Commercial Contract
العقد التجاري
Definition
A legally binding agreement related to trade, commerce, or profit-making activities.
Context
Governed primarily by the Civil Code and Commercial Transactions Law.
Reference
Article 10 – Federal Law No. 18 of 1993 (Commercial Transactions Law).
Term: Commission
العمولة
Definition
Payment made to an agent, broker, or intermediary for facilitating a transaction.
Context
Must be expressly agreed upon or established by custom.
Reference
Article 237 – Federal Law No. 5 of 1985 (Civil Code).
Term: Compensation
التعويض
Definition
Financial reparation for harm, loss, or damage caused by another.
Context
Granted by civil courts following a finding of liability.
Reference
Article 292 – Federal Law No. 5 of 1985 (Civil Code).
Term: Confession
الاعتراف
Definition
A voluntary admission of guilt or fact relevant to a criminal case.
Context
Must be given freely without coercion to be admissible in court.
Reference
Article 40 – Federal Decree-Law No. 38 of 2022 (Criminal Procedure Law).
Term: Confiscation
المصادرة
Definition
Judicial seizure of property used in or derived from a criminal act.
Context
Applied as a punitive or preventive measure by courts.
Reference
Article 82 – Federal Decree-Law No. 31 of 2021 (Penal Code).
Term: Conspiracy
المؤامرة
Definition
An agreement between two or more persons to commit a crime or unlawful act.
Context
Punishable even if the planned offense is not completed.
Reference
Article 47 – Federal Decree-Law No. 31 of 2021 (Penal Code).
Term: Construction Contract
عقد المقاولة
Definition
Agreement whereby a contractor undertakes to perform work for remuneration.
Context
Common in UAE infrastructure and real estate sectors.
Reference
Article 872 – Federal Law No. 5 of 1985 (Civil Code).
Term: Contract
العقد
Definition
A legally enforceable agreement creating obligations between parties.
Context
Must meet conditions of consent, capacity, lawful purpose, and form.
Reference
Article 125 – Federal Law No. 5 of 1985 (Civil Code).
Term: Copyright
حقوق المؤلف
Definition
Exclusive legal right to reproduce, publish, or sell creative works.
Context
Protected under UAE Intellectual Property Law.
Reference
Article 7 – Federal Decree-Law No. 38 of 2021 (Copyright and Neighboring Rights Law).
Term: Corporation
الشركة المساهمة
Definition
A legal entity formed by shareholders, separate from its owners, with limited liability.
Context
Subject to UAE Commercial Companies Law and Securities regulations.
Reference
Article 101 – Federal Decree-Law No. 32 of 2021 (Commercial Companies Law).
Term: Counterclaim
الدعوى المتقابلة
Definition
A claim made by a defendant against the claimant within the same proceedings.
Context
Filed during civil litigation to offset or oppose the original claim.
Reference
Article 97 – Federal Decree-Law No. 42 of 2022 (Civil Procedures Law).
Term: Court of Cassation
محكمة التمييز
Definition
The highest appellate court in the UAE judicial hierarchy.
Context
Reviews legal and procedural errors, not factual findings.
Reference
Article 173 – Federal Decree-Law No. 42 of 2022 (Civil Procedures Law).
Term: Creditor
الدائن
Definition
A person or entity to whom money or obligation is owed.
Context
May seek recovery through court or insolvency proceedings.
Reference
Article 318 – Federal Law No. 5 of 1985 (Civil Code).
Term: Criminal Liability
المسؤولية الجنائية
Definition
Legal responsibility for committing an offense punishable under criminal law.
Context
Requires proof of criminal intent or negligence.
Reference
Article 39 – Federal Decree-Law No. 31 of 2021 (Penal Code).
Term: Custody Order
أمر الحضانة
Definition
Judicial decree assigning or regulating the custody of a minor.
Context
Enforced through Family Courts in accordance with Sharia and statutory law.
Reference
Article 143 – Federal Law No. 28 of 2005 (Personal Status Law).
Term: Damages
الأضرار
Definition
Monetary compensation awarded for loss or injury suffered.
Context
Calculated based on actual loss, loss of profit, and moral harm.
Reference
Article 292 – Federal Law No. 5 of 1985 (Civil Code).
Term: Debtor
المدين
Definition
A person who owes money, goods, or performance to another.
Context
Rights and obligations defined under the Civil Code.
Reference
Article 319 – Federal Law No. 5 of 1985 (Civil Code).
Term: Decree
المرسوم
Definition
An official order issued by the President, Ruler, or other competent authority having the force of law.
Context
Common in promulgation of federal and emirate-level legislation.
Reference
Article 7 – UAE Constitution.
Term: Default Judgment
حكم غيابي
Definition
A ruling rendered against a party who fails to appear or defend a case.
Context
May be set aside upon justified objection or appeal.
Reference
Article 76 – Federal Decree-Law No. 42 of 2022 (Civil Procedures Law).
Term: Easement
حق المرور
Definition
A right granted to use another’s property for a specific limited purpose.
Context
Common in real-estate developments for access or utility passage.
Reference
Article 1349 – Federal Law No. 5 of 1985 (Civil Code).
Term: Embezzlement
اختلاس
Definition
The fraudulent taking of money or property by a person entrusted with it.
Context
Prosecuted as a financial crime under UAE Penal Code.
Reference
Article 444 – Federal Decree-Law No. 31 of 2021 (Penal Code).
Term: Employer
صاحب العمل
Definition
Any person or entity employing others for wages or benefits.
Context
Defined under the Labour Relations Regulation Law.
Reference
Article 1 – Federal Decree-Law No. 33 of 2021 (Labour Relations Regulation Law).
Term: Endorsement
التظهير
Definition
Signing a negotiable instrument to transfer ownership or rights.
Context
Typical in cheques, bills of exchange, and commercial papers.
Reference
Article 419 – Federal Law No. 18 of 1993 (Commercial Transactions Law).
Term: Enforcement Order
أمر التنفيذ
Definition
A judicial directive authorizing execution of a judgment or award.
Context
Filed with the Execution Court after final judgment.
Reference
Article 212 – Federal Decree-Law No. 42 of 2022 (Civil Procedures Law).
Term: Equity
العدالة الإنصافية
Definition
Principle ensuring fairness when strict legal rules yield unjust outcomes.
Context
Applied by UAE courts where legislation is silent but justice demands relief.
Reference
Article 1 – Federal Law No. 5 of 1985 (Civil Code).
Term: Escrow Account
حساب الضمان
Definition
A bank account holding funds until contractual obligations are fulfilled.
Context
Required for off-plan real-estate projects to protect buyers.
Reference
Article 16 – Law No. 8 of 2007 (Regulating Real Estate Development Trust Accounts in Dubai).
Term: Estate
التركة
Definition
The total property, rights, and liabilities left by a deceased person.
Context
Distributed according to Sharia-based inheritance rules.
Reference
Articles 313-321 – Federal Law No. 28 of 2005 (Personal Status Law).
Term: Evidence
الدليل
Definition
Any material, document, or testimony used to prove or disprove a fact.
Context
Admissibility governed by procedural law and Sharia principles.
Reference
Articles 35-40 – Federal Decree-Law No. 38 of 2022 (Criminal Procedure Law).
Term: Ex Parte Order
أمر على عريضة
Definition
A judicial order granted without notifying the other party.
Context
Issued for urgent matters like travel bans or asset freezes.
Reference
Article 18 – Federal Decree-Law No. 42 of 2022 (Civil Procedures Law).
Term: Exemption
الإعفاء
Definition
Legal release from a duty, tax, or liability.
Context
Granted under statute or by judicial discretion.
Reference
Article 112 – Federal Law No. 5 of 1985 (Civil Code).
Term: Expert Report
تقرير الخبير
Definition
Findings prepared by a court-appointed specialist.
Context
Frequently used in technical or accounting disputes.
Reference
Article 69 – Federal Decree-Law No. 42 of 2022 (Civil Procedures Law).
Term: Expulsion Order
أمر الإبعاد
Definition
Administrative or judicial directive requiring a non-citizen to leave the UAE.
Context
Applied following criminal conviction or national-security grounds.
Reference
Article 121 – Federal Decree-Law No. 31 of 2021 (Penal Code).
Term: Fiduciary Duty
واجب الأمانة
Definition
Obligation to act in the best interest of another party, with loyalty and care.
Context
Applies to directors, trustees, and agents.
Reference
Article 102 – Federal Decree-Law No. 32 of 2021 (Commercial Companies Law).
Term: Fine
الغرامة
Definition
Monetary penalty imposed by court for violation of law.
Context
Can accompany imprisonment or serve as standalone punishment.
Reference
Article 69 – Federal Decree-Law No. 31 of 2021 (Penal Code).
Term: Force Majeure
القوة القاهرة
Definition
An unforeseeable event beyond the parties’ control preventing performance.
Context
Recognized as a ground for contract termination or suspension.
Reference
Article 273 – Federal Law No. 5 of 1985 (Civil Code).
Term: Foreclosure
حجز الرهن
Definition
Legal process by which a lender sells mortgaged property to recover debt.
Context
Requires execution proceedings in civil courts.
Reference
Article 1433 – Federal Law No. 5 of 1985 (Civil Code).
Term: Franchise Agreement
عقد الامتياز التجاري
Definition
Contract granting rights to operate a business under another’s brand.
Context
Regulated under commercial-agency principles.
Reference
Article 2 – Federal Law No. 3 of 2022 (Commercial Agencies Law).
Term: Fraud
الاحتيال
Definition
Intentional deception for unlawful financial or personal gain.
Context
Criminal offense prosecuted under the Penal Code.
Reference
Article 451 – Federal Decree-Law No. 31 of 2021 (Penal Code).
Term: Garnishment
حجز ما للمدين لدى الغير
Definition
Judicial seizure of a debtor’s property or funds held by a third party.
Context
Used in civil-debt recovery procedures.
Reference
Article 243 – Federal Decree-Law No. 42 of 2022 (Civil Procedures Law).
Term: General Assembly
الجمعية العمومية
Definition
The collective body of shareholders in a company.
Context
Holds authority to approve accounts and elect directors.
Reference
Article 93 – Federal Decree-Law No. 32 of 2021 (Commercial Companies Law).
Term: Good Faith
حسن النية
Definition
Acting honestly and fairly without intention to deceive.
Context
Fundamental principle in contract interpretation.
Reference
Article 246 – Federal Law No. 5 of 1985 (Civil Code).
Term: Governing Law
القانون الواجب التطبيق
Definition
The legal system chosen by parties to regulate a contract.
Context
Common in international and arbitration agreements.
Reference
Article 19 – Federal Law No. 5 of 1985 (Civil Code).
Term: Guarantee
الكفالة
Definition
A contractual commitment by one party to fulfill another’s obligation if they fail.
Context
Used widely in banking and commercial transactions.
Reference
Article 1056 – Federal Law No. 5 of 1985 (Civil Code).
Term: Guardian
الولي
Definition
A person legally appointed to manage the affairs of a minor or incapacitated person.
Context
Determined by Sharia principles and confirmed by Family Courts.
Reference
Article 178 – Federal Law No. 28 of 2005 (Personal Status Law).
Term: Harassment
المضايقة
Definition
Unwanted conduct causing distress, humiliation, or intimidation.
Context
Punishable under UAE Penal Code, including workplace and online harassment.
Reference
Article 412 – Federal Decree-Law No. 31 of 2021 (Penal Code).
Term: Heir
الوارث
Definition
A person entitled to receive a share of the deceased’s estate.
Context
Determined according to Sharia-based inheritance rules.
Reference
Article 313 – Federal Law No. 28 of 2005 (Personal Status Law).
Term: Holding Company
الشركة القابضة
Definition
A company that owns shares in other companies to control management and policies.
Context
Common in UAE for group structuring and foreign investment.
Reference
Article 266 – Federal Decree-Law No. 32 of 2021 (Commercial Companies Law).
Term: Homicide
القتل العمد
Definition
The unlawful killing of a person by another with intent or recklessness.
Context
Punishable under criminal law, with penalties ranging up to capital punishment.
Reference
Article 332 – Federal Decree-Law No. 31 of 2021 (Penal Code).
Term: Honor Crimes
جرائم الشرف
Definition
Offenses committed under the pretext of defending family honor.
Context
Treated as serious crimes with no leniency under UAE Penal Code.
Reference
Article 334 – Federal Decree-Law No. 31 of 2021 (Penal Code).
Term: Human Trafficking
الاتجار بالبشر
Definition
Exploitation of persons through coercion, deception, or abuse of power.
Context
Severe criminal offense under UAE anti-human trafficking law.
Reference
Article 1 – Federal Law No. 51 of 2006 (Combating Human Trafficking Crimes).
Term: Identity Theft
انتحال الهوية
Definition
Fraudulent use of another person’s personal data for unlawful purposes.
Context
Criminal offense under UAE cybercrime legislation.
Reference
Article 11 – Federal Decree-Law No. 34 of 2021 (Combating Rumors and Cybercrimes).
Term: Illegitimate Child
الطفل غير الشرعي
Definition
A child born outside a lawful marriage.
Context
Recognized for limited rights under the Personal Status Law, depending on proof of paternity.
Reference
Article 89 – Federal Law No. 28 of 2005 (Personal Status Law).
Term: Imprisonment
السجن
Definition
A court-imposed deprivation of liberty as punishment for an offense.
Context
Sentences vary according to crime classification.
Reference
Article 68 – Federal Decree-Law No. 31 of 2021 (Penal Code).
Term: Indemnity
التعويض المالي
Definition
Financial compensation for damage or loss resulting from another’s act or omission.
Context
Common in insurance, employment, and contract law.
Reference
Article 292 – Federal Law No. 5 of 1985 (Civil Code).
Term: Independent Contractor
المقاول المستقل
Definition
A person engaged to perform work without being an employee.
Context
Must have a valid commercial license or freelance permit.
Reference
Article 6 – Federal Decree-Law No. 33 of 2021 (Labour Relations Regulation Law).
Term: Inheritance
الميراث
Definition
The transfer of assets and obligations from the deceased to heirs.
Context
Governed by Sharia and the Personal Status Law.
Reference
Articles 313–321 – Federal Law No. 28 of 2005 (Personal Status Law).
Term: Injunction
أمر قضائي
Definition
A judicial order restraining a party from performing a specific act.
Context
Granted to prevent harm or preserve evidence.
Reference
Article 18 – Federal Decree-Law No. 42 of 2022 (Civil Procedures Law).
Term: Insolvency
الإعسار
Definition
The inability of a person or company to meet financial obligations as they fall due.
Context
Governed under UAE Insolvency Law.
Reference
Article 1 – Federal Decree-Law No. 19 of 2019 (Insolvency of Natural Persons).
Term: Insurance
التأمين
Definition
A contract by which an insurer undertakes to compensate loss in return for premiums.
Context
Regulated by the Insurance Authority under UAE law.
Reference
Article 1026 – Federal Law No. 5 of 1985 (Civil Code).
Term: Intellectual Property
الملكية الفكرية
Definition
Rights protecting creations of the mind such as inventions, literary works, and trademarks.
Context
Covered by multiple UAE laws on patents, trademarks, and copyright.
Reference
Article 1 – Federal Decree-Law No. 36 of 2021 (Trademarks Law).
Term: Interrogation
الاستجواب
Definition
The formal questioning of a suspect or witness by police or prosecution.
Context
Must follow procedural safeguards under UAE criminal law.
Reference
Article 47 – Federal Decree-Law No. 38 of 2022 (Criminal Procedure Law).
Term: Intestate
الوفاة بدون وصية
Definition
Dying without leaving a valid will.
Context
Inheritance distributed under Sharia law by default.
Reference
Article 313 – Federal Law No. 28 of 2005 (Personal Status Law).
Term: Investigation
التحقيق
Definition
The process of gathering evidence to determine whether a crime occurred.
Context
Conducted by police or public prosecution under procedural law.
Reference
Article 34 – Federal Decree-Law No. 38 of 2022 (Criminal Procedure Law).
Term: Joint Liability
المسؤولية التضامنية
Definition
Shared responsibility of two or more persons for the same obligation.
Context
Common in partnership and tort claims.
Reference
Article 290 – Federal Law No. 5 of 1985 (Civil Code).
Term: Joint Venture
المشروع المشترك
Definition
A business arrangement between two or more parties to undertake a project jointly.
Context
Governed by the Commercial Companies Law and Civil Code.
Reference
Article 56 – Federal Decree-Law No. 32 of 2021 (Commercial Companies Law).
Term: Judgment
الحكم القضائي
Definition
The final decision of a court resolving the rights of parties in a dispute.
Context
May be appealed or executed depending on case stage.
Reference
Article 142 – Federal Decree-Law No. 42 of 2022 (Civil Procedures Law).
Term: Jurisdiction
الولاية القضائية
Definition
The legal authority of a court or tribunal to hear a case.
Context
Determined by subject matter, location, and value of the dispute.
Reference
Article 30 – Federal Decree-Law No. 42 of 2022 (Civil Procedures Law).
Term: Juvenile
الحدث
Definition
A person under the age of 18 subject to special legal treatment.
Context
Dealt with by Juvenile Courts emphasizing rehabilitation.
Reference
Article 7 – Federal Law No. 9 of 1976 (Juvenile Delinquents and Vagrants Law).
Term: Kidnapping
الخطف
Definition
The unlawful taking or detention of a person by force or deception.
Context
Serious criminal offense under UAE Penal Code.
Reference
Article 344 – Federal Decree-Law No. 31 of 2021 (Penal Code).
Term: Know-How
المعرفة الفنية
Definition
Practical knowledge and technical expertise used in industrial or commercial fields.
Context
Often protected in licensing and confidentiality agreements.
Reference
Article 3 – Federal Decree-Law No. 36 of 2021 (Trademarks and Industrial Property Law).
Term: Labour Contract
عقد العمل
Definition
A written agreement between employer and employee outlining rights, duties, and compensation.
Context
Mandatory under UAE labour law; governs all employment relationships.
Reference
Article 8 – Federal Decree-Law No. 33 of 2021 (Labour Relations Regulation Law).
Term: Labour Dispute
نزاع عمالي
Definition
A disagreement between an employer and employee concerning employment rights or obligations.
Context
Handled by the Ministry of Human Resources and Emiratisation before reaching court.
Reference
Article 54 – Federal Decree-Law No. 33 of 2021 (Labour Relations Regulation Law).
Term: Landlord
المؤجر
Definition
The owner of property who leases it to a tenant under a rental agreement.
Context
Protected by Emirate-level tenancy laws, especially in Dubai and Abu Dhabi.
Reference
Article 3 – Law No. 26 of 2007 (Regulating Relations between Landlords and Tenants in Dubai).
Term: Lease
عقد الإيجار
Definition
A contract granting the right to use property for a specified period in exchange for rent.
Context
Governed by Civil Code and local tenancy laws.
Reference
Article 742 – Federal Law No. 5 of 1985 (Civil Code).
Term: Legal Capacity
الأهلية القانونية
Definition
The ability of a person to acquire rights and bear obligations under law.
Context
Acquired upon reaching adulthood unless restricted by law.
Reference
Article 85 – Federal Law No. 5 of 1985 (Civil Code).
Term: Legal Notice
الإخطار القانوني
Definition
A formal written communication serving as a warning or demand before initiating legal action.
Context
Often required before filing certain claims.
Reference
Article 24 – Federal Decree-Law No. 42 of 2022 (Civil Procedures Law).
Term: Legatee
الموصى له
Definition
A person who receives property under a will.
Context
Inheritance governed by the Personal Status Law and Sharia principles.
Reference
Article 247 – Federal Law No. 28 of 2005 (Personal Status Law).
Term: Legislation
التشريع
Definition
Written laws enacted by the federal or emirate authorities.
Context
Includes federal decrees, laws, and ministerial resolutions.
Reference
Article 110 – UAE Constitution (1971).
Term: Liability
المسؤولية
Definition
Legal responsibility for one’s acts or omissions.
Context
May be civil, criminal, or contractual.
Reference
Article 282 – Federal Law No. 5 of 1985 (Civil Code).
Term: Libel
القذف المكتوب
Definition
The act of publishing false and damaging statements about another person.
Context
Criminal offense under UAE Penal Code and Cybercrime Law.
Reference
Article 425 – Federal Decree-Law No. 31 of 2021 (Penal Code).
Term: License
الترخيص
Definition
Official authorization to conduct specific business or activity.
Context
Issued by economic departments or free zone authorities.
Reference
Article 10 – Federal Decree-Law No. 32 of 2021 (Commercial Companies Law).
Term: Liquidation
تصفية الشركة
Definition
The process of closing a company and distributing its assets.
Context
Can be voluntary or court-ordered.
Reference
Article 308 – Federal Decree-Law No. 32 of 2021 (Commercial Companies Law).
Term: Litigation
التقاضي
Definition
The process of taking legal action in a court of law.
Context
Governed by Civil Procedures Law; may include multiple stages of appeal.
Reference
Article 1 – Federal Decree-Law No. 42 of 2022 (Civil Procedures Law).
Term: Loan
القرض
Definition
A contract whereby a lender gives money or goods to a borrower with an obligation to repay.
Context
Can be interest-free or involve commercial terms.
Reference
Article 709 – Federal Law No. 5 of 1985 (Civil Code).
Term: Malpractice
سوء الممارسة
Definition
Professional negligence resulting in harm or damage to a client or patient.
Context
Applies to doctors, lawyers, and professionals under UAE laws.
Reference
Article 14 – Federal Decree-Law No. 4 of 2016 (Medical Liability Law).
Term: Maritime Lien
الامتياز البحري
Definition
A privileged claim upon a ship arising from maritime services or damages.
Context
Enforced through arrest of vessel under maritime law.
Reference
Article 115 – Federal Decree-Law No. 43 of 2023 (Maritime Law).
Term: Marriage Contract
عقد الزواج
Definition
A legal contract between a man and a woman forming a marital relationship.
Context
Must comply with Sharia and UAE Personal Status Law requirements.
Reference
Article 39 – Federal Law No. 28 of 2005 (Personal Status Law).
Term: Mediation
الوساطة
Definition
A process where a neutral third party assists disputing parties in reaching a settlement.
Context
Encouraged in commercial and family disputes before litigation.
Reference
Article 1 – Federal Law No. 6 of 2021 (Mediation in Civil and Commercial Disputes).
Term: Merger
الاندماج
Definition
The combination of two or more companies into a single entity.
Context
Requires approval from authorities and shareholders.
Reference
Article 292 – Federal Decree-Law No. 32 of 2021 (Commercial Companies Law).
Term: Minor
القاصر
Definition
A person below the age of full legal capacity.
Context
Represented by a guardian in legal matters.
Reference
Article 85 – Federal Law No. 5 of 1985 (Civil Code).
Term: Misrepresentation
التحريف أو التضليل
Definition
False statement that induces another to enter into a contract.
Context
May lead to contract annulment and damages.
Reference
Article 185 – Federal Law No. 5 of 1985 (Civil Code).
Term: Mortgage
الرهن العقاري
Definition
A legal right over property given to secure a debt or obligation.
Context
Common in real estate and banking transactions.
Reference
Article 1396 – Federal Law No. 5 of 1985 (Civil Code).
Term: Murder
القتل العمد
Definition
The intentional killing of another human being.
Context
Punishable by death or life imprisonment under UAE law.
Reference
Article 332 – Federal Decree-Law No. 31 of 2021 (Penal Code).
Term: Nationality
الجنسية
Definition
Legal bond between a person and a state conferring rights and duties.
Context
Regulated by UAE nationality laws; dual nationality restricted.
Reference
Article 6 – Federal Law No. 17 of 1972 (Nationality and Passports Law).
Term: Negligence
الإهمال
Definition
Failure to exercise reasonable care resulting in damage or injury.
Context
A ground for civil liability under UAE law.
Reference
Article 282 – Federal Law No. 5 of 1985 (Civil Code).
Term: Non-Disclosure Agreement (NDA)
اتفاقية عدم الإفصاح
Definition
A contract preventing disclosure of confidential information between parties.
Context
Common in business, employment, and technology sectors.
Reference
Article 905 – Federal Law No. 5 of 1985 (Civil Code).
Term: Notary Public
الكاتب العدل
Definition
An official authorized to authenticate documents and signatures.
Context
Operates under the Ministry of Justice and local courts.
Reference
Article 3 – Federal Law No. 22 of 2023 (Notaries Law).
Term: Oath
اليمين
Definition
A solemn declaration made before a court affirming the truth of a statement.
Context
Administered in civil and criminal proceedings; refusal may affect judgment.
Reference
Article 53 – Federal Decree-Law No. 42 of 2022 (Civil Procedures Law).
Term: Objection
الاعتراض
Definition
A formal expression of disagreement or opposition during legal proceedings.
Context
Filed against procedural rulings, evidence, or administrative decisions.
Reference
Article 167 – Federal Decree-Law No. 42 of 2022 (Civil Procedures Law).
Term: Obligation
الالتزام
Definition
A legal duty requiring a person to perform or refrain from an act.
Context
Fundamental to contract law and civil liability.
Reference
Article 123 – Federal Law No. 5 of 1985 (Civil Code).
Term: Offence
الجريمة
Definition
An act or omission punishable by law.
Context
Classified as felony, misdemeanor, or infraction.
Reference
Article 29 – Federal Decree-Law No. 31 of 2021 (Penal Code).
Term: Offer
الإيجاب
Definition
A clear expression of intent to enter into a contract on specific terms.
Context
Contract formed when accepted by the other party.
Reference
Article 132 – Federal Law No. 5 of 1985 (Civil Code).
Term: Offshore Company
الشركة الخارجية
Definition
A company registered in a free zone for business activities outside the UAE.
Context
Commonly used for holding, investment, or tax optimization.
Reference
Article 5 – Jebel Ali Free Zone Companies Regulations (2023).
Term: Ownership
الملكية
Definition
The right to possess, use, and dispose of property.
Context
Protected under UAE Constitution and Civil Code.
Reference
Article 1175 – Federal Law No. 5 of 1985 (Civil Code).
Term: Parental Custody
حضانة الأطفال
Definition
The right and duty to care for and raise a child.
Context
Decided based on child’s best interests under Personal Status Law.
Reference
Articles 142–156 – Federal Law No. 28 of 2005 (Personal Status Law).
Term: Partnership
الشراكة
Definition
A contractual relationship between two or more persons to conduct business for profit.
Context
Forms include general, limited, and civil partnerships.
Reference
Article 45 – Federal Decree-Law No. 32 of 2021 (Commercial Companies Law).
Term: Passport Confiscation
حجز جواز السفر
Definition
Retention of a person’s passport by authorities or courts under legal order.
Context
Used in ongoing investigations or travel-ban cases.
Reference
Article 111 – Federal Decree-Law No. 38 of 2022 (Criminal Procedure Law).
Term: Patent
براءة الاختراع
Definition
Exclusive right granted to an inventor for a new and useful invention.
Context
Administered by the Ministry of Economy’s IP department.
Reference
Article 4 – Federal Law No. 11 of 2021 (Regulating Industrial Property Rights).
Term: Payment Order
أمر الأداء
Definition
Judicial order requiring debtor to pay a specified amount.
Context
Simplified summary procedure for clear monetary claims.
Reference
Article 62 – Federal Decree-Law No. 42 of 2022 (Civil Procedures Law).
Term: Perjury
شهادة الزور
Definition
Intentionally giving false testimony under oath.
Context
Considered a serious criminal offense.
Reference
Article 302 – Federal Decree-Law No. 31 of 2021 (Penal Code).
Term: Plaintiff
المدعي
Definition
The party who initiates a legal case by filing a claim.
Context
Must provide evidence and pay court fees upon filing.
Reference
Article 1 – Federal Decree-Law No. 42 of 2022 (Civil Procedures Law).
Term: Plea Bargain
صفقة الإقرار بالذنب
Definition
Agreement between prosecution and defendant to plead guilty in exchange for leniency.
Context
Permitted under specific conditions in criminal proceedings.
Reference
Article 342 – Federal Decree-Law No. 38 of 2022 (Criminal Procedure Law).
Term: Police Report
البلاغ الشرطي
Definition
Official record of a complaint filed with the police.
Context
Required before criminal investigation or civil claim registration.
Reference
Article 27 – Federal Decree-Law No. 38 of 2022 (Criminal Procedure Law).
Term: Power of Attorney (POA)
الوكالة القانونية
Definition
Legal document authorizing one person to act on behalf of another.
Context
Must be notarized to be valid in UAE courts.
Reference
Article 924 – Federal Law No. 5 of 1985 (Civil Code).
Term: Preliminary Hearing
الجلسة التمهيدية
Definition
A preparatory court session held before full trial to define issues and evidence.
Context
Common in civil, commercial, and criminal cases.
Reference
Article 91 – Federal Decree-Law No. 42 of 2022 (Civil Procedures Law).
Term: Prescription (Limitation Period)
التقادم
Definition
The lapse of time that extinguishes a right or claim.
Context
Varies depending on type of claim (e.g., commercial, civil, labour).
Reference
Article 473 – Federal Law No. 5 of 1985 (Civil Code).
Term: Probation
المراقبة
Definition
Conditional release of a convicted person subject to supervision.
Context
Used as an alternative to imprisonment in certain cases.
Reference
Article 75 – Federal Decree-Law No. 31 of 2021 (Penal Code).
Term: Procedural Law
القانون الإجرائي
Definition
Law governing court processes and litigation steps.
Context
Determines how cases are filed, tried, and appealed.
Reference
Federal Decree-Law No. 42 of 2022 (Civil Procedures Law).
Term: Property Deed
سند الملكية
Definition
Official document proving ownership of real estate.
Context
Issued by land department or free-zone authority.
Reference
Article 1275 – Federal Law No. 5 of 1985 (Civil Code).
Term: Prosecution
النيابة العامة
Definition
The authority representing the state in criminal proceedings.
Context
Oversees investigations, charges, and public trials.
Reference
Article 7 – Federal Decree-Law No. 38 of 2022 (Criminal Procedure Law).
Term: Proxy Voting
التصويت بالوكالة
Definition
Authorizing another person to vote on one’s behalf in corporate meetings.
Context
Common practice in general assemblies and shareholder resolutions.
Reference
Article 95 – Federal Decree-Law No. 32 of 2021 (Commercial Companies Law).
Term: Public Notary
الكاتب العدل العام
Definition
A government official who certifies legal documents and signatures.
Context
Required for company formation, property sales, and powers of attorney.
Reference
Article 2 – Federal Law No. 22 of 2023 (Notaries Law).
Term: Quash
إبطال الحكم
Definition
To annul or set aside a judgment or legal proceeding.
Context
Applied by appeal or cassation courts.
Reference
Article 175 – Federal Decree-Law No. 42 of 2022 (Civil Procedures Law).
Term: Quorum
النصاب القانوني
Definition
Minimum number of members required to conduct official business or vote.
Context
Stipulated in company bylaws or meeting rules.
Reference
Article 92 – Federal Decree-Law No. 32 of 2021 (Commercial Companies Law).
Term: Real Estate
العقارات
Definition
Land and anything permanently attached to it, such as buildings.
Context
Ownership and transactions governed by federal and emirate laws.
Reference
Article 1175 – Federal Law No. 5 of 1985 (Civil Code).
Term: Real Property Tax
ضريبة العقارات
Definition
Government levy on ownership or transfer of property.
Context
Applied differently in free zones and mainland; varies by Emirate.
Reference
Law No. 7 of 2013 (Dubai Land Registration Law).
Term: Receivership
الحراسة القضائية
Definition
Court appointment of a neutral party to manage disputed property or assets.
Context
Common in commercial and insolvency disputes.
Reference
Article 900 – Federal Law No. 5 of 1985 (Civil Code).
Term: Reconciliation
الصلح
Definition
Settlement reached between parties to end a dispute amicably.
Context
Encouraged in family, labour, and civil matters before litigation.
Reference
Article 103 – Federal Law No. 5 of 1985 (Civil Code).
Term: Reconsideration
إعادة النظر
Definition
A legal procedure allowing the court to review its own final judgment.
Context
Granted under limited exceptional circumstances.
Reference
Article 188 – Federal Decree-Law No. 42 of 2022 (Civil Procedures Law).
Term: Registration of Property
تسجيل الملكية
Definition
Official recording of ownership with the land department.
Context
Mandatory for validity of property transfers.
Reference
Article 1275 – Federal Law No. 5 of 1985 (Civil Code).
Term: Rent Dispute
نزاع إيجاري
Definition
Disagreement between landlord and tenant regarding lease terms or payments.
Context
Resolved by Rent Dispute Settlement Centers (e.g., Dubai RDC).
Reference
Article 25 – Law No. 26 of 2007 (Dubai Tenancy Law).
Term: Res Judicata
حجية الأمر المقضي فيه
Definition
Principle preventing re-litigation of a case already decided by a final judgment.
Context
Ensures finality and judicial efficiency.
Reference
Article 49 – Federal Decree-Law No. 42 of 2022 (Civil Procedures Law).
Term: Rescission
فسخ العقد
Definition
Cancellation of a contract due to breach or mutual agreement.
Context
Restores parties to pre-contractual positions.
Reference
Article 272 – Federal Law No. 5 of 1985 (Civil Code).
Term: Residence Visa
تأشيرة الإقامة
Definition
Permit allowing a foreign national to reside in the UAE legally.
Context
Issued based on employment, investment, or family sponsorship.
Reference
Article 11 – Federal Decree-Law No. 29 of 2021 (Entry and Residence of Foreigners).
Term: Restitution
التعويض العيني
Definition
Restoration of a party to the position before a wrongful act occurred.
Context
Applied in civil liability and unjust enrichment cases.
Reference
Article 318 – Federal Law No. 5 of 1985 (Civil Code).
Term: Revocation
الإلغاء
Definition
Withdrawal or cancellation of a legal act or decision.
Context
Common in agency, licenses, and administrative orders.
Reference
Article 954 – Federal Law No. 5 of 1985 (Civil Code).
Term: Right of Retention
حق الحبس
Definition
Legal right to withhold another’s property until a debt or obligation is fulfilled.
Context
Common in construction and service contracts.
Reference
Article 879 – Federal Law No. 5 of 1985 (Civil Code).
Term: Royal Decree
المرسوم الملكي
Definition
A decree issued by the Ruler of an Emirate concerning local governance or regulation.
Context
Forms part of UAE legislative hierarchy.
Reference
Article 120 – UAE Constitution (1971).
Term: Sanction
الجزاء
Definition
A penalty or restrictive measure imposed for violation of law or regulation.
Context
May be judicial (court-ordered) or administrative (issued by authority).
Reference
Article 70 – Federal Decree-Law No. 31 of 2021 (Penal Code).
Term: Security Deposit
مبلغ الضمان
Definition
Sum of money held as assurance for the performance of obligations.
Context
Common in tenancy and employment contracts.
Reference
Article 895 – Federal Law No. 5 of 1985 (Civil Code).
Term: Sentence
الحكم الجنائي
Definition
The punishment pronounced by a criminal court upon conviction.
Context
May include imprisonment, fine, or deportation.
Reference
Article 67 – Federal Decree-Law No. 31 of 2021 (Penal Code).
Term: Settlement Agreement
اتفاق التسوية
Definition
A written agreement resolving a dispute between parties without further litigation.
Context
Enforceable once signed and notarized.
Reference
Article 103 – Federal Law No. 5 of 1985 (Civil Code).
Term: Shareholder
المساهم
Definition
A person or entity owning shares in a company.
Context
Entitled to dividends and voting rights under company law.
Reference
Article 92 – Federal Decree-Law No. 32 of 2021 (Commercial Companies Law).
Term: Ship Arrest
حجز السفينة
Definition
Detention of a vessel by court order to secure a maritime claim.
Context
Used frequently in shipping and admiralty proceedings.
Reference
Article 122 – Federal Decree-Law No. 43 of 2023 (Maritime Law).
Term: Sharia Law
الشريعة الإسلامية
Definition
Islamic legal principles derived from the Qur’an and Sunnah.
Context
Forms the basis for personal status and inheritance cases in UAE.
Reference
Article 1 – Federal Law No. 28 of 2005 (Personal Status Law).
Term: Signature Verification
تصديق التوقيع
Definition
Authentication of a signature before a notary public.
Context
Required for POAs, contracts, and official declarations.
Reference
Article 5 – Federal Law No. 22 of 2023 (Notaries Law).
Term: Sole Proprietorship
المؤسسة الفردية
Definition
Business owned and managed by a single individual.
Context
Owner bears full liability for debts and obligations.
Reference
Article 71 – Federal Decree-Law No. 32 of 2021 (Commercial Companies Law).
Term: Statute of Limitations
مدة التقادم
Definition
Period within which legal action must be initiated.
Context
Varies from one to fifteen years depending on case type.
Reference
Article 473 – Federal Law No. 5 of 1985 (Civil Code).
Term: Subsidiary
الشركة التابعة
Definition
A company controlled by another (parent) company through shareholding.
Context
Common in corporate groups and holding structures.
Reference
Article 85 – Federal Decree-Law No. 32 of 2021 (Commercial Companies Law).
Term: Summons
إعلان الحضور
Definition
Official notice requiring a person to appear before a court.
Context
Delivered through electronic or physical service.
Reference
Article 9 – Federal Decree-Law No. 42 of 2022 (Civil Procedures Law).
Term: Surety
الكفيل
Definition
A person who guarantees another’s debt or obligation.
Context
The surety is liable if the principal debtor fails to pay.
Reference
Article 1056 – Federal Law No. 5 of 1985 (Civil Code).
Term: Suspension
الإيقاف
Definition
Temporary halt of employment, license, or right pending investigation or decision.
Context
Applied in disciplinary or administrative cases.
Reference
Article 40 – Federal Decree-Law No. 33 of 2021 (Labour Relations Regulation Law).
Term: Tax Residency
الإقامة الضريبية
Definition
Status determining a person’s or company’s tax obligations within the UAE.
Context
Determined by Federal Tax Authority under Cabinet Decision No. 85 of 2022.
Reference
Article 3 – Cabinet Decision No. 85 of 2022 (Tax Residency Criteria).
Term: Tenant
المستأجر
Definition
Person or entity occupying property under a lease agreement.
Context
Protected by local tenancy legislation (e.g., Dubai Law No. 26 of 2007).
Reference
Article 2 – Law No. 26 of 2007 (Regulating Relations between Landlords and Tenants in Dubai).
Term: Testamentary Will
الوصية الشرعية
Definition
Document expressing how a person’s estate should be distributed after death.
Context
Must comply with Sharia and Personal Status Law requirements.
Reference
Article 240 – Federal Law No. 28 of 2005 (Personal Status Law).
Term: Title Deed
سند الملكية
Definition
Legal certificate proving ownership of real estate property.
Context
Issued by the relevant Land Department or free zone authority.
Reference
Article 1275 – Federal Law No. 5 of 1985 (Civil Code).
Term: Tort
الفعل الضار
Definition
A wrongful act causing harm to another and giving rise to civil liability.
Context
Covers negligence, nuisance, and defamation cases.
Reference
Article 282 – Federal Law No. 5 of 1985 (Civil Code).
Term: Trademark
العلامة التجارية
Definition
A distinctive sign identifying goods or services of one entity.
Context
Registration provides exclusive use rights in the UAE.
Reference
Article 2 – Federal Decree-Law No. 36 of 2021 (Regulating Trademarks).
Term: Transaction
المعاملة
Definition
Any legal act creating, modifying, or extinguishing rights or obligations.
Context
Applies to commercial, civil, and financial deals.
Reference
Article 124 – Federal Law No. 5 of 1985 (Civil Code).
Term: Transfer of Ownership
نقل الملكية
Definition
Legal conveyance of property or asset title from one party to another.
Context
Must be registered with competent authority to take effect.
Reference
Article 1275 – Federal Law No. 5 of 1985 (Civil Code).
Term: Travel Ban
منع السفر
Definition
Judicial or administrative order preventing a person from leaving the UAE.
Context
Often imposed in criminal, civil debt, or custody cases.
Reference
Article 188 – Federal Decree-Law No. 38 of 2022 (Criminal Procedure Law).
Term: Trespass
التعدي على الملكية
Definition
Unlawful entry onto another’s property without consent.
Context
Can lead to civil liability or criminal prosecution.
Reference
Article 474 – Federal Decree-Law No. 31 of 2021 (Penal Code).
Term: Trust Account
حساب الأمانة
Definition
Separate account holding funds for clients or third parties.
Context
Used by lawyers, real-estate developers, and fiduciaries.
Reference
Article 16 – Law No. 8 of 2007 (Regulating Real Estate Development Trust Accounts in Dubai).
Term: UAE Central Bank
المصرف المركزي الإماراتي
Definition
The federal authority responsible for monetary policy and bank supervision.
Context
Regulates financial institutions and issues licences.
Reference
Article 5 – Federal Decree-Law No. 14 of 2018 (Regarding the Central Bank and Organization of Financial Institutions and Activities).
Term: Unjust Enrichment
الإثراء بغير سبب
Definition
Gaining a benefit without legal justification at another’s expense.
Context
Entitles the injured party to seek restitution.
Reference
Article 318 – Federal Law No. 5 of 1985 (Civil Code).
Term: Unlawful Assembly
التجمع غير المشروع
Definition
Gathering of persons for an illegal purpose or in violation of public order.
Context
Punishable under the Penal Code.
Reference
Article 212 – Federal Decree-Law No. 31 of 2021 (Penal Code).
Term: Usufruct
حق الانتفاع
Definition
The right to use and enjoy property belonging to another without owning it.
Context
Common in long-term property and investment structures.
Reference
Article 1333 – Federal Law No. 5 of 1985 (Civil Code).
Term: Utility Easement
حق مرور المرافق
Definition
Right granted to utility providers to install and maintain infrastructure across land.
Context
Standard in real-estate development approvals.
Reference
Article 1350 – Federal Law No. 5 of 1985 (Civil Code).
Term: Valid Contract
العقد الصحيح
Definition
An agreement that meets all legal conditions required for enforceability.
Context
Must include consent, lawful purpose, and subject matter.
Reference
Article 129 – Federal Law No. 5 of 1985 (Civil Code).
Term: Value-Added Tax (VAT)
ضريبة القيمة المضافة
Definition
A consumption tax levied on goods and services at each stage of production or distribution.
Context
Standard rate in UAE is 5%, administered by the Federal Tax Authority.
Reference
Article 2 – Federal Decree-Law No. 8 of 2017 (on Value Added Tax).
Term: Vendor
البائع
Definition
A person or entity selling goods, property, or rights to another.
Context
Obliged to deliver the item and guarantee against hidden defects.
Reference
Article 524 – Federal Law No. 5 of 1985 (Civil Code).
Term: Venue
مكان الاختصاص
Definition
The geographic location where a legal case is filed or heard.
Context
Determined by the Civil Procedures Law according to domicile or cause of action.
Reference
Article 30 – Federal Decree-Law No. 42 of 2022 (Civil Procedures Law).
Term: Verdict
الحكم النهائي
Definition
The formal decision or judgment issued by a court.
Context
May be appealable depending on the case level.
Reference
Article 166 – Federal Decree-Law No. 42 of 2022 (Civil Procedures Law).
Term: Vessel Registration
تسجيل السفينة
Definition
Official process of entering a ship into the UAE Maritime Register.
Context
Establishes nationality and eligibility for operation under UAE flag.
Reference
Article 18 – Federal Decree-Law No. 43 of 2023 (Maritime Law).
Term: Visa Overstay
تجاوز مدة الإقامة
Definition
Remaining in the UAE after visa expiry without lawful extension.
Context
Subject to fines, deportation, or travel restrictions.
Reference
Article 29 – Federal Decree-Law No. 6 of 1973 (Regulating Entry and Residence of Foreigners).
Term: Voluntary Liquidation
التصفية الاختيارية
Definition
Dissolution of a company initiated by its shareholders when solvent.
Context
Requires auditor’s report and liquidator appointment.
Reference
Article 308 – Federal Decree-Law No. 32 of 2021 (Commercial Companies Law).
Term: Wages
الأجور
Definition
Compensation paid to an employee for work performed under a contract.
Context
Must be paid through the Wage Protection System (WPS).
Reference
Article 22 – Federal Decree-Law No. 33 of 2021 (Regulating Labour Relations).
Term: Waiver
التنازل
Definition
The voluntary relinquishment of a known legal right.
Context
Must be explicit and not contrary to public order.
Reference
Article 272 – Federal Law No. 5 of 1985 (Civil Code).
Term: Warranty
الضمان
Definition
A contractual assurance regarding the quality, condition, or performance of goods or services.
Context
Sellers are liable for defects within the warranty period.
Reference
Article 544 – Federal Law No. 5 of 1985 (Civil Code).
Term: Will Registration
تسجيل الوصية
Definition
Formal recording of a will with the competent court or free-zone authority.
Context
Common in DIFC Wills Service Centre and Abu Dhabi Judicial Department.
Reference
Article 240 – Federal Law No. 28 of 2005 (Personal Status Law).
Term: Witness
الشاهد
Definition
A person who gives evidence under oath before a court.
Context
Testimony must be based on personal knowledge.
Reference
Article 75 – Federal Decree-Law No. 42 of 2022 (Civil Procedures Law).
Term: Work Permit
تصريح العمل
Definition
Authorization issued by the Ministry of Human Resources and Emiratisation allowing employment.
Context
Required for all non-citizen employees in the UAE.
Reference
Article 6 – Federal Decree-Law No. 33 of 2021 (Regulating Labour Relations).
Term: Workplace Injury
إصابة العمل
Definition
Physical harm sustained by an employee in the course of employment.
Context
Employer must report and compensate according to law.
Reference
Article 37 – Federal Decree-Law No. 33 of 2021 (Regulating Labour Relations).
Term: Zakat
الزكاة
Definition
Obligatory charitable contribution under Islamic Sharia, based on accumulated wealth.
Context
Administered through UAE Zakat Fund and recognized for corporate social responsibility.
Reference
Article 60 – Federal Decree-Law No. 31 of 2021 (Penal Code) and Federal Law No. 4 of 2003 (Establishing the Zakat Fund).
Term: Zone of Jurisdiction
نطاق الاختصاص
Definition
The defined territorial or subject-matter scope within which a court or authority may act.
Context
Includes Mainland, DIFC, and ADGM jurisdictions.
Reference
Article 20 – Federal Decree-Law No. 42 of 2022 (Civil Procedures Law).
Term: Zoning Regulations
لوائح تنظيم المناطق
Definition
Rules governing land-use classification, building density, and permitted activities.
Context
Enforced by each Emirate’s Municipality or Planning Department.
Reference
Article 3 – Dubai Decree No. 11 of 2008 (Regulating Urban Planning and Development).
Term: Zero Rated Supply
التوريد الخاضع لنسبة الصفر الضريبية
Definition
A taxable supply of goods or services subject to 0% VAT rate.
Context
Includes exports and certain healthcare & education services.
Reference
Article 45 – Federal Decree-Law No. 8 of 2017 (on Value Added Tax).
Term: Zoning Variance
استثناء تخطيطي
Definition
An administrative exception permitting deviation from zoning rules.
Context
Granted by competent planning authority upon justified request.
Reference
Article 12 – Abu Dhabi Urban Planning Regulations (2013 Framework).